Basic Terminologies of Internet

Following are some important terminologies of Internet.


1.Website:
A collection of related web pages that you can access electronically is called web site. It contains text, graphics, sound, and video.


2.Home page:
Most websites have a starting point, called a home page. It is similar to a book cover or table of contents for the sits. It provides information about the site's purpose and content.

3.Hyper link:
A hyper linj is a connection between webpage. It can be a part of text or graphics on a web page . When the user click on it, the hyperlink can:
  • Take you to a different part of the same page.
  • Take you to a different page within the web site
  • Take you to a page in a different web site
  • Enable you to download file
  • Lunch an application, video or sound.
 4.Anchor:
An anchor is a link to different parts of the same web page.

5. Image Map:

Image map is an image whose different parts are linked with different web pages.

6.Frame:

Frames are used to divide a web page into different parts. Different web pages can be displayed in each part.

7.Table:
Table is a collection of  rows and columns to display data in tables in a web page.

8.HTTP:
It stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. It is a communication protocol used to connect to servers on the World Wide Web. The primary function of HTTP is to establish a connection with a Web server and transmit HTML pages to the user's browser. It allows computer users to access the Internet.

9.HTML:
It stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.HTML is the fundamental language to design web pages.

10.Webmaster:
Webmaster is the person who develops and maintains a web site.

11. Domain Name:
Domain name is the unique name given to a web site.This name is linked to a web server where the information of that web site is stored.

12.URL
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. The URL is the web address for any given web document . Every web document has a unique URL. Each URL has several parts, which can be demonstrated using the address;
                http: / / WWW.Google.com  /  services / index . html

  • http: / / This part of the address indicates that it is a Web page
  • WWW This indicates that the Web page you are looking at is part of the World Wide Web . Many Web sites do not use WWW but are still part of the Web.
  • Google.com This part of the address is the domain name and indicates the unique address of a Web site.The domain name also often indicates the type of web site.
  • / services / The '' / '' symbol indicates you have moved into a specific directory in the Web server. Directories are like the folders on your computer and help to organize Web pages in Web sites. 
  • index.htm  A word with ''.htm'' or ''.html'' following it indicates the name of the specific page in the Web site you are looking at.
13.ISP:
ISP stands for Internet Service Provider.It is a company that provides Internet connections. ISP also provides the facilities of Email.A connection from ISP is necessary to connect to Internet.

14.Web Browser:
A web browser is software that is used to view web pages. It acts as an interface between the user and the Internet.It can understand HTML. It can display text and graphics. Browsers are also known as web clients or universal clients .Some examples of web browsers are Internet Explorer, Netscape, Hot java, and Lynx.

15.Web Server:
A web server is a computer that stores information for the users on the Internet.It is much faster and powerful than ordinary computer.It may be located anywhere in the world .Servers are connected to the Internet 24 hours a day.

Services of Internet

Following are some important services of the Internet:

1. World Wide Web (WWW)
WWW stands for World Wide Web. It is also called Web. It provides the facility to publish information on the Internet. It is a collection of documents or web pages stored on computers permanently connected with Internet around the world. 


2. Email (Electronic Mail)
Email stands for Electronic Mail. Email is the exchange of messages and files through Internet. Message can be in the form of graphics, sounds, video or simple text. It is a fast way of sending messages anywhere in the world. One email message can be sent to multiple recipients. Email facility is provided by many Internet Service providers or specialized websites. Yahoo, Hotmail and Gmail are popular examples of email providing websites.



3. Mailing List
A mailing list is a collection of email names and addresses given a single name. An email message sent to a mailing list is received by every person on the list. Different people discuss different topics and distribute their ideas to other people by email. Softwares are available to administrate mailing lists. The most common program is listserv.



4. News Groups
A newsgroup is a discussion group on the Internet. People exchange information on a vast range of topics such as news, business, science and computer. A user sends message to the newsgroup to participate in discussion. Other users in the newsgroup read and reply to the message. A software is required to obtain articles from news server.


5. E-Commerce
E-Commerce stands for electronic commerce. It is a process of carrying out financial and business dealings using Internet. People can buy and sell good on Internet. They can also pay bills using credit card numbers



6. TELNET
TELNET is a program to connect to a remote computer on Internet. A computer can act like a terminal directly linked to remote computer. The user can log on to the computer and use it as if he is connected to the computer directly.


7. FTP
File Transfer Protocol is used on Internet to send files from one place to other. Audio, video, graphics and data files can be uploaded or downloaded using this protocol. A process of transferring a file from a local computer to remote computer is called uploading. Different software are available to use this protocol for transferring files on the Internet. CuteFTP and WD-FTP are examples of FTP software.


8. Chatting & Instant Messaging
Chatting is a process of exchanging views on the Internet by typing text messages in real-time. Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a service is used to communicate to each other on hundreds of channels. Instant messaging is a type of chat in which a user on Web can chat with another user currently logged. Most famous is America Online's Instant Messenger.

Uses of Internet

 Internet:
Internet is a collection of millions of computer around around the world that are all connected to one another. It is a global network of computer.These computers are connected through different telecommunications links like:
  • Phone lines
  • Fiber optics lines
  • Satellites and wireless connections 
Internet is used to find information stored on computer called hosts or servers. These computers use a common protocol called TCP / IP for communication. TCP / IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. No government or organization is the owner of Internet. Many people, organizations, universities and research agencies participate to run Internet. Everyone who has access to the Internet can get information from the Internet. Millions of people have access to Internet.

Uses of Internet
Some uses of the Internet are as follows:
  • To access information, news, research, and educational material
  • To conduct business
  • To access source of entertainment such as online games, magazines etc.
  • To shop for goods and services.
  • To meet and talk with people around the world in discussion groups or chat rooms
  • To access other computers and exchange files
  • To send messages and receive message from other connected users 
 Working of Internet

The internet is a collection of millions of computers. These computers are linked together on a computer network. The network is used by the computers to communicate with one another. A personal computer can be connected to Internet by using phone lines, DSL or cable modem. These devices communicate with the server of Internet service provider. A user computer is usually connected with ISPs are connected to larger ISPs. Several main transmission media carry the heaviest amount of traffic on Internet. These carries of network traffic are collectively called Internet backbone. Backbone are connected through fiber optic lines, submarine cables or satellite links. In this way, every computer on the Internet is connected to every other computer. The computers connected to the Internet exchange data and information using servers and clients. A client computer accesses data, information and services from different servers. The server computers are also called host computers.
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